The History of Russia ( only text) [Rosina Beckman] (fb2) читать постранично, страница - 38

21

Black Hundreds, 54

Bolsheviks, 43, 55, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 11, 25, 26

Brezhnev, Leonid, 77, 79–80, 81

Brotherhood of SS. Cyril and Methodius, 23

bureaucracy, and dependence on rank and seniority, 16

C

censorship, 13, 20, 21

Chaadayev, Pyotr, 21

Chechnya, 24, 75, 98–99, 101, 102, 104, 108

Chernyshevsky, N.G., 33

child labour, 39

Clinton, Hillary, 114

commune, 31, 35, 40, 59

Communist Party, 68, 70, 72, 74, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 96, 102, 105

Constituent Assembly, 65–66

Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets), 56, 64

Cossacks, 64, 75

cotton textiles, production of, 19, 39

Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom), 68

Crimean War, 13, 27, 29, 30, 43

Cuban Missile Crisis, 78

D

Decembrists, 13, 17, 23

deists, 21

F

famine, 35, 73

February Revolution, 64, 65, 66

Finland, 25, 45, 70

G

glasnost, 82–83

gold standard, Russian conversion to, 39

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 81–86, 87

grain, export of, 19

gymnasiums, 20

I

industrialization, how it differed in Russia from Western capitalism, 41

intelligentsia, development of and connection to radicalism, 41–42

iron, decline in production of, 19

ispravnik, 17, 31

Izvestiya, 77

J

Jews, 22, 46–47, 54, 56, 62, 75

K

Kankrin, Egor Frantsevich, 19

Kerensky, Aleksandr, 66, 67

Khrushchev, Nikita, 76–79

Kosygin, Aleksey, 79–81

L

Labour Group, 56

land commandant, 35

legal profession, foundation of modern, 31, 33

Lena gold mines, 58

Lenin, Vladimir, 42, 43, 55, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72

Le Pen, Marine, 115

“Letter to Gogol,” 21

Lithuania, 25, 44

M

Malenkov, Georgy, 77

Manchuria, 50

Medvedev, Dmitry, 106–109, 116

Menshevik, 43, 55, 66, 69

metallurgical industry, 38

ministries, function of under Nicholas I, 14

Ministry of the Interior, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40

Ministry of State Domains, 18

Muslims, 22, 45–46

N

Narodnaya Volya (“People’s Will”), 34, 42

national principle, as one of the “truly Russian” principles, 23

near-abroad, 99

Nechayev, Sergey, 42

Nicholas I, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 30

Nicholas II, 37, 52, 54, 56–57, 61, 62, 63, 65

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, 78

O

October Revolution, 66–68

October 17 Manifesto, 54, 55

oligarchs, creation of after end of communism, 90–92, 104

organized crime, 97

orthodoxy, as one of the “truly Russian” principles, 23

overpopulation, 38

P

Pale of Settlement, 46

perestroika, 82, 83

Pestel, Pavel, 23

Peter I (Peter the Great), 21, 22

petroleum industry, 38, 79

pogroms, 46–47, 54

Poland, 23, 25–27, 38, 40, 43–44, 56, 62

Polish National Democrats, 44

Polish Socialist Party, 44

Pravda, 77

privatization of industry, 90–92

Progressive Bloc, 62, 63

Pushkin, Aleksandr, 20

Putin, Vladimir, 108

foreign policy, 103–104, 109–112, 116

intervention in Western politics, 113–115

political and economic reforms, 104–107

separatism under, 101–103

suppression of critics, 112–113

R

Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich, 59, 63

Red Army, 69, 70, 71

redemption payments, for peasants, 31, 37

Revolutionary Catechism, 42

ruble, collapse of, 91

Russian Civil War, 68–70

Russian nationalism, 23–25

Russian Orthodox Church, 21, 22, 27, 45, 46, 58–59

Russian Revolution of 1905–06, 52–55, 64

Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party, 42

Russification, 23, 43–48, 74

Russo-Japanese War, 51, 52

S

Sakhalin, 25, 49

Sakharov, Andrey, 81

School Statute (1804), 19–20

Serbia, 48, 60, 61

serfs, 16–19

emancipation of, 30–31, 37, 38

Siberia, 34, 59, 77

Slavophiles, 21–22

Social Democratic Party, 43, 55, 56

Socialist Revolutionary Party, 42–43, 54, 55, 66, 68, 69

Society of United Slavs, 23

Soviet Provisional Government, 65–66, 67

Soviet of Workers’ Deputies, 53, 64

Speransky, Mikhail, 13, 14

Stalin, Joseph, 71, 72–76, 77, 85

State Duma, 55–58, 60, 62, 64, 95, 105

T

Tatars, 45–46, 74, 77

taxes, 31, 37–38, 106

Teleskop, 21

“temporary rules,” restricting Jewish rights, 47

Third Department of the chancery, 15

Tilsit, Treaty of, 11, 25

Tolstoy, Dmitry, 34, 35

Triple Alliance, 48

Trotsky, Leon, 67, 69, 72

Trump, Donald, 114–115

Turkey, 11, 23, 25, 28, 29, 48, 60, 61, 63

Turkistan, 49, 59

U

Ukraine, 23–24, 29, 38, 40, 55, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75, 100, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113

Union of October 17 (Octobrists), 57, 64

universal military service, establishment of, 33

university, as center of revolutionary activities, 33–34

Unofficial Committee, 13, 14

Uvarov, Sergey, 23

W

War Communism, 71–72

Westernizers, 21, 22

What Is to Be Done?, 42

Witte, Sergey, 39, 50, 54

workday, restrictions on length of, 39

World War I, 61–64, 65, 66, 68

Y

Yeltsin, Boris, 85, 86, 87

economic reforms, 88–92

foreign policy, 100–101

policy on ethnic groups, 98–100

political reforms, 92–98, 103, 105

Z

Zemlya I Volya (“Land and Freedom”), 34

zemstvos, 31, 35, 52