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Ʉɢɥɶɞɢɲɨɜ ȼ.Ⱦ.

Word 2019
ɞɥɹ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
(ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ)

Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
2020

ɍȾɄ 004.9
ȻȻɄ 32.973.26-018.2
Ʉ 39

Ʉ39

Ʉɢɥɶɞɢɲɨɜ ȼ. Ⱦ.
Word 2019 ɞɥɹ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ. — Ɇ.: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2020. — 140 ɫ.: ɢɥ.
ISBN 978-5-91359-353-5
ȼ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɨɮɢɫɚɯ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ȽɈɋɌɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ MS Word.
Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɹɦ, ɨɮɢɫɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ, ɜɫɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɬɶ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɫɫɭɡɨɜ, ɝɨɬɨɜɹɳɢɯ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ.
ɍȾɄ 004.9
ȻȻɄ.32.973.26-018.2

ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ:
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
Ɍɟɥ: (495) 617-39-64, (495) 617-39-65
E-mail: kniga@solon-press.ru, www.solon-press.ru

ISBN 978-5-91359-353-5

© ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2020
© Ʉɢɥɶɞɢɲɨɜ ȼ.Ⱦ., 2020



ʠˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃ːˋˈ
ʿ̨̛̛̬̣̙̖̦̖MSWord........................................................................... 4
ˁ̨̨̨̨̡̨̨̨̨̡̛̦̖̪̬̭̯̯̖̭̯̱̥̖̦̯̔̌̐̏̐̔̌̚.........................................13
ʰ̨̨̨̡̨̨̨̡̛̛̛̭̪̣̦̖̬̙̖̦̜̯̖̭̯̥̱̥̖̦̯̖̽̏̌̍̌̏̏̔̚̚.....................30
ˁ̵̨̛̦̖̭̖̥̔̌̚...................................................................................... 37
ˁ̨̛̛̦̖̬̥̥̔̌̔̌̐̌̚............................................................................. 43
ˁ̶̨̛̛̦̖̯̣̔̌̌̍̚.................................................................................. 52
ˁ̴̵̨̨̛̛̦̖̬̥̱̣̦̼̼̬̙̖̦̜̔̌̽̏̌̚....................................................59
ʦ̸̶̵̡̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̛̼̭̣̖̦̯̣̯̖̭̯̱̥̖̦̯́̏̌̍̌̏̐̔̌................................64
ʦ̸̴̨̨̡̛̛̼̭̣̖̦̪̬̥̱̣̥̯̖̭̯̖́̌̏.....................................................76
ˀ̨̡̨̨̨̡̬̯̭̣̱̙̖̦̱̥̖̦̯̌̌̍̌̍̐̔̌̚....................................................79
ˁ̶̨̡̨̨̨̡̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̛̦̖̣̖̯̬̦̦̯̖̭̯̱̥̖̦̯̭̦̖̜̔̌̾̐̏̐̔̌̌̏̐̌̚.........84
ˁ̨̡̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̨̨̡̛̦̖̥̪̣̖̭̦̯̖̭̯̱̥̖̦̯̔̌̐̏̐̔̌̚...............................89
ˁ̨̨̨̨̡̨̨̨̨̡̛̦̖̣̹̯̖̭̯̱̥̖̦̯̔̌̍̽̐̏̐̔̌̚.......................................97
ʤ̶̨̨̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̯̥̯̬̯̭̱̥̖̦̯̥̭̪̥̺̥̬̭̏̌̌́̌̍̔̌̽̀̌̏̚........104
ʤ̶̴̨̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̯̥̯̬̯̭̱̥̖̦̯̥̭̭̪̣̦̖̥̬̥̏̌̌́̌̍̔̌̽̏̌̚̚.
ˁ̨̡̨̛̦̖̣̦̔̌̍̌̏̚.............................................................................. 112
ʤ̶̨̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̯̥̯̬̯̭̱̥̖̦̯̥̭̭̪̣̦̖̥̏̌̌́̌̍̔̌̽̏̌̚̚
̛̛̭̣̦́́............................................................................................... 119
ʯ̴̨̨̡̨̨̨̨̛̺̯̜̣̱̥̖̦̯̯̪̬̭̥̯̬̌̌̌̏̔̏̌,̡̨̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̔̌̏̌́
̡̨̨̛̛̛̪̬̦̏̌́.................................................................................... 125
ʦ̶̵̵̡̨̨̨̡̛̛̛̛̛̼̣̖̦̖̦̖̭̦̦̬̦̦̼̥̖̦̖̦̜̱̥̖̦̯́̏̌̏̌̏̔̌̚......131
ʯ̴̡̨̨̛̛̛̦̬̥̯̬̦̌̌̏̌́(̸̡̛̛̦̖̪̖̯̖̥̼̖̣̭̬̼̯̼̖̌̌)...................135
ˀ̵̡̨̨̡̨̨̡̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̖̯̼̭̖̥̼̬̭̪̣̙̖̦̬̖̯̱̥̖̦̯̏̌́̏̏̔̏̚̚.........136
ʸ̛̯̖̬̯̱̬̌̌.......................................................................................... 139


3




ʞ˓ˋˎˑˉˈːˋˈMSWord

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ (ɚɭɞɢɨ-) ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
˃̡̨̨̡̖̭̯̼̜̱̥̖̦̯̏̔

ˀ̖̣̌̔̚1

ʤ̶̍̌̚1

ˀ̖̣̌̔̚2

ʤ̶̍̌̚2

Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ

ˀ̖̣̌̔̚3

ˀ̖̣̌̔̚N

ʤ̶̍̌̚N

ʪ̛̬̥̥̼̌̐̌

ˀ̡̛̛̭̱̦

ʪ̨̡̛̬̱̖̻̖̯̼̐̍

ˁ̨̛̥̣̼̏

Ɋɢɫ.1. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ [1]
Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɧɺɦ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɡɜɭɤɨɡɚɩɢɫɢ,
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ.
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɞɧɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɥɹ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ, ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ). Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɫɬɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

4


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


Ⱥɛɡɚɰ – ɷɬɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɦ
ɤɨɧɰɚ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ. Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɢ,
ɢɞɟɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ. Ⱥɛɡɚɰɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ, ɩɭɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɟɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ.
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ – ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ – ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ (ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ - ɭɩɪɨɳɺɧɧɨɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ (ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ).
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ, ɰɢɮɪɚ, ɡɧɚɤ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ) ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɚɸɬ
ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɞɥɹ «ɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ». ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥ), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ MS Word.
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ MS Word ɦɚɥɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ, ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ
ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ, ɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɢɦɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ. ȼ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ.
ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢ ɭɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɢɲɧɢɟ.

5


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ:
x Ɋɚɡɦɟɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
x Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ.
x ȼɟɛ-ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ.
x ɑɟɪɧɨɜɢɤ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɛɢɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ȼɟɛ-ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ: ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ, ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɑɟɪɧɨɜɢɤ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɚ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɚɤɟɬɚ (ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ) ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
x Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɟ.
6


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ:
x ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ,
x ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ,
x ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ,
x ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ,
x ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ,
x ɛɥɚɧɤɢ,
x ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ (ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɢ),
x ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ,
x ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ,
x ɛɭɤɥɟɬɵ.
Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɞɚɧ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ MS Word.
ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ,
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ – ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɫɧɨɫɤɢ. ɗɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ.
ɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ - ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
ɍɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ - ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ. ɍɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ȼɥɚɧɤ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɥɚɧɤ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɮɨɪɦ.

7


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ (ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɢ) – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɚɞɪɟɫɚɦɢ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ).
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ – ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ) ɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɛ-ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ.
ȼɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ – ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ HTML, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɛ-ɛɪɚɭɡɟɪɚ. ȼɟɛɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ. Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɮɚɣɥɚɦ.
Ȼɭɤɥɟɬ – ɥɢɫɬ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɥɢɫɬɚ.
ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ MS Word, ɧɟ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.97-2016, ɝɞɟ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ: ɭɫɬɚɜɵ,
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɤɚɡɵ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ, ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɵ, ɚɤɬɵ, ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ȽɈɋɌ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɢɯ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ; ɜɢɞɵ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ, ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ; ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ; ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɦ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɯ1.
ȼɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȽɈɋɌɨɜ.
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ:

1

ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.97-2016

8


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


x ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95 ȿȾɂɇȺə ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɌɈɊɋɄɈɃ
ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɂ. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ɌȿɄɋɌɈȼɕɆ ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɆ.
x ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001 ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɈȼ ɉɈ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ, ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɑɇɈɆɍ ɂ ɂɁȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɆɍ ȾȿɅɍ.
ɈɌɑȿɌ Ɉ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɃ ɊȺȻɈɌȿ.
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺ ɈɎɈɊɆɅȿɇɂə.
x ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.97-2016 ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɈȼ ɉɈ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ, ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɑɇɈɆɍ ɂ ɂɁȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɆɍ ȾȿɅɍ.
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-ɊȺɋɉɈɊəȾɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂə. ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ɈɎɈɊɆɅȿɇɂɘ ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌɈȼ.
x ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.8-2013 ȾȿɅɈɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ɂ ȺɊɏɂȼɇɈȿ
ȾȿɅɈ. ɌȿɊɆɂɇɕ ɂ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə.
x ȽɈɋɌ 2.701-2008 ȿȾɂɇȺə ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɌɈɊɋɄɈɃ
ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɂ. ɋɏȿɆɕ. ȼɂȾɕ ɂ Ɍɂɉɕ. ɈȻɓɂȿ
ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ȼɕɉɈɅɇȿɇɂɘ.
x ȽɈɋɌ 2.319-81 ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺ ȼɕɉɈɅɇȿɇɂə ȾɂȺȽɊȺɆɆ.
x ȽɈɋɌ 7.12-93 ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɈȼ ɉɈ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ, ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɑɇɈɆɍ ɂ ɂɁȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɆɍ ȾȿɅɍ.
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɁȺɉɂɋɖ. ɋɈɄɊȺɓȿɇɂȿ ɋɅɈȼ
ɇȺ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɆ əɁɕɄȿ. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺ.
x ȽɈɋɌ 8.417-2002 ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇȺə ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə ȿȾɂɇɋɌȼȺ ɂɁɆȿɊȿɇɂɃ. ȿȾɂɇɂɐɕ ȼȿɅɂɑɂɇ.
x ȽɈɋɌ 7.9-95 (ɂɋɈ 214-76) ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɈȼ ɉɈ
ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ, ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɑɇɈɆɍ ɂ ɂɁȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɆɍ
ȾȿɅɍ. ɊȿɎȿɊȺɌ ɂ ȺɇɇɈɌȺɐɂə. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə.
x ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.5-2008 ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɈȼ ɉɈ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ, ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɑɇɈɆɍ ɂ ɂɁȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɆɍ ȾȿɅɍ.
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɋɋɕɅɄȺ. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə.
x ȽɈɋɌ 7.1-2003 ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɁȺɉɂɋɖ. ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂȿ. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə
ɂ ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ. ɇɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ȽɈɋɌɚɯ [2௅4].
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Word
ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɧɚ Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ

9


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɟɧ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɚɣɥ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɟɝɨ ɢɦɹ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɮɚɣɥ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ.
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɤ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɏɚɣɥ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɮɚɣɥ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Word – docx. Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɏɚɣɥ. ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ.
Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ
ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɩɚɩɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ,
ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ
Ɉɛɡɨɪ.

10


ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ.

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ Ɍɢɩ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ. ȼ
ɨɤɧɟ ɂɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɢɦɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ, ɬɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ Word ɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ (* .docm).
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɒɚɛɥɨɧ Word (*
.dotx).
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ PDF (*.pdf).
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɢ
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word


ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɷɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɬɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Word ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ,
ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɝɨɞɚ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ. ɂɧɚɱɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ.

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɪɥɵɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɹɪɥɵɤɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɞɪɟɫ, ɝɞɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɮɚɣɥ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɉɄ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɤɨɦɭ-ɬɨ ɹɪɥɵɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɧɟɬ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫ. ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ ɮɚɣɥɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ MS Word 2019 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɮɢɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ MS Word, ɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȼɵɪɚɠɚɸ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ Ƚɚɥɤɢɧɭ ɇ.ɋ. ɡɚ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɤɧɢɝɢ.

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ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑˆˑ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃
ȼ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɧɭɠɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ. ɂɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ, ɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ.
Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ Microsoft Office Word.
ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Del ɢ ɡɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ.
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ.
ɂ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɬɨ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ.
ɗɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ):
x ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ.
x ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ.
x ȼɧɨɫɢɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɦ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ.
x ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ, ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɟ.
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ,
ɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ. Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
Ʉɧɢɠɧɚɹ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɱɚɳɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ Ⱥ4.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ ɜ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.

ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɒɪɢɮɬ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɲɪɢɮɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.

Ɇɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
ɨɤɧɨ
ɒɪɢɮɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɒɪɢɮɬ ɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬɫɹ ȽɈɋɌɚɦɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ 3 ȽɈɋɌɚɯ:
x ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95 Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ.
x ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001 Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ.
x ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.97-2016 Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ȽɈɋɌɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ Ⱥ4 ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ: ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ, ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɟ – 2 ɫɦ, ɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɟ – 1 ɫɦ.
ɒɪɢɮɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɤɟɝɥɶ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪ) ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 12
ɩɬ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɩɭɧɤɬ (ɤɟɝɥɶ) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ 1/72 ɞɸɣɦɚ = 3,53 ɦɦ.
Ⱥɛɡɚɰɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ, ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦ
(1,25௅1,27 ɫɦ). Ɇɟɠɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ 1,5 ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ.
Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɛɟɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɵ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɯ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ
ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ. ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɲɪɢɮɬ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɫɟɱɟɤ (Arial). Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ 2 ɩɬ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɵɣ ɲɪɢɮɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ.
ɒɪɢɮɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫ ɡɚɫɟɱɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ
ɱɬɟɧɢɹ (Times New Roman). ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ 14 ɩɬ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɱɭɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ, ɬɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɞɨ 12 ɩɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 1. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɠɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 1,15.
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ, ɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ௅
ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ «ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɤ» ɫɥɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɵ ɧɚ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ Ɋɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ⱥɜɬɨ.

15


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɋɬɚɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ Ɉɬɫɬɭɩ ɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ. ɂɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ. ȼɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ,
ɬɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ
ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. Ⱥ ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ
ɩɭɧɤɬ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɵ ɫɢɧɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ, ɬɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ
ɩɭɧɤɬ Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɉɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ.

16


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɑɚɫɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ

ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ
ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ௅ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤ.

17


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȼ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɇɨɦɟɪ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ (ɧɢɠɧɢɣ) ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ.
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ ɞɥɹ
ɩɭɧɤɬɚ Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɫɦɟɥɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɚɛɡɚɰ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ Enter.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ Del,
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ – ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ Backspace.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ Del.

18


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɍɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɜ
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ȼɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɧɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ (ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɟɥɤɢ) ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ
ɫ ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.05-2008 Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ
URL-ɚɞɪɟɫ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɋɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, [3]).
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ
ɩɥɚɝɢɚɬ.
ɉɥɚɝɢɚɬ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɮɪɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɺ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ2. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɩɥɚɝɢɚɬ». ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɥɚɝɢɚɬɨɦ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ.


2

https://dic.academic.ru/ɋɥɨɜɚɪɢ ɢ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɢ ɧɚ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɟ

19


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɐɢɬɚɬɚ – ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢɡ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɐɢɬɚɬɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɰɢɬɚɬɟ ɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ, ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ
ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɱɢɟ.
Ȼɨɹɡɧɶ ɨɛɜɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɝɢɚɬɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ
ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ, ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ, ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɨɤ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɂ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ URL-ɚɞɪɟɫɭ, ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ
ɜ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦ. ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɂɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɟ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ əɧɞɟɤɫ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ.

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɟɧ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɢɫɤ
ɩɨ ɰɢɬɚɬɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ.

ɋ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ.

20


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɚ.
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.

ȼɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɟɫɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ.

21


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ
ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. ɂɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ. ɇɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ
ɤɨɩɢɪɭɣɬɟ URL-ɚɞɪɟɫ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜɨ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɂɦɟɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. Ⱦɟɥɚɟɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɦ, ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɨɤ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ
ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɨɤ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ. ɇɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɥɨ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɪɨɫɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ:
x ɍɞɚɥɹɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ.
x ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɜɟɫɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɨɱɢɳɚɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ.

22


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

x Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɞɚɥɹɟɦ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɤɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ
ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ. ɂɧɚɱɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ. ȼ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɜɟɫɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɒɪɢɮɬ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ
ɜɫɟ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɫɱɟɡɧɭɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ
ɲɪɢɮɬ
Times New Roman ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
14 ɩɬ.
ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ.
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɫɟɪɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ. ɋɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ
ɲɪɢɮɬɚ.
ɋɨ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ. Ɉɩɹɬɶ
ɜɫɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ.
ȼɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɨɬɫɬɭɩ ɢ ɦɟɠɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 1,5. ɇɨ, ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɜ
ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚɯ Ɉɬɫɬɭɩ ɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɭɥɢ.
ɇɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɵ ɫɥɨɜ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɜ
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ
ɫɩɢɫɤɟ Ɋɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ Ⱥɜɬɨ.
Ɉɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɉɨɥɹ.
ɍɞɚɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɢɯ ɧɚ «ɜɨɪɞɨɜɫɤɢɟ» ɡɧɚɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɗɬɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬ ɨɛɜɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜɡɹɬ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Del. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɉɪɨɛɟɥ ɢɥɢ Enter.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ
ɡɧɚɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ. ɗɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɇɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɛɟɥ ɢɥɢ Ⱦɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɬɢɪɟ. Ⱦɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɨɤɧɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Ctrl+C. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɇɚ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɨɤɧɚ Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Ctrl+V ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Ɂɚ-

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ ɉɪɨɛɟɥ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ
ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚɯ Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɢɥɢ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɢ.
ȼɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ
(ɮɪɚɡ) ɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɵɦ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ ɫ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ.
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
(ɫɬɪ. 135).

ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɲɪɢɮɬ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɠɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɛɟɥ ɧɚ ɉɪɨɛɟɥ.
ɍɞɚɥɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɥɢ
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɵ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɬɨ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. ɇɨɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ. ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɇɨɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ
ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɧɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɬɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

(ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɭ
ɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ
ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ
ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɩɪɟɬɢɬɶ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦ «ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ» ɭ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɪɨɸɬɫɹ ɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɛɟɡ
ɧɢɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
«ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ».
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɦ ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ.
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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ, ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɋɟɱɶ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɫɥɭɯ.

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ʗ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˈˋˊˑ˄˓˃ˉˈːˋˌ˅˕ˈˍ˔˕ˑ˅ˑˏ
ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕ˈ

ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ
ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɉɄ.
ȼɫɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɜ MS Word. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
72 ppi3
150 ppi
300 ppi
600 ppi

Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɗɤɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ.
ɇɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ (ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɟɬ)
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ (ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɢ, ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ)
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ (ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ)

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 300 ppi ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ TIFF.
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ dpi – ɬɨɱɟɤ ɧɚ ɞɸɣɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɧɚɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɭ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɸɳɢɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ dpi ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ppi
ɢ dpi.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹɯ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.


3
pixels per inch (ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɸɣɦ) ௅ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ.

30


ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ


Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 - Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ
BMP

TIFF
JPEG

GIF

PNG

PSD

Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼɆɊ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ Windows. ȼ BMP ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 16777216 ɰɜɟɬɨɜ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɟ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Paint.
ɗɬɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ GIF ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ 256 ɰɜɟɬɨɜ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɧɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɧɚ webɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ GIF. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ
ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ Adobe Photoshop,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
Adobe Photoshop ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ.

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɟ. ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɦ ɤɪɭɝɟ.

31


ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ


ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
x ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
x ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
x ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
x Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ ɤ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Enter ɡɚɞɚɟɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ.

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɮɚɣɥ, ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ.

32


ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ


ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ɉɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ
ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɚ ɫ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɬɨ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɩɨɞ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ.

Ɋɢɫ.1. Ⱥɧɬɢɥɨɩɚ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɟ
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɥ, ɬɨ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ – Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɉɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ.
ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ௅ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɉɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ.
ɂɯ ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
Ɉɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɉɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ.
Ɉɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɩɭɧɤɬɵ:
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬ ௅ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ,
ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɤɨɣ.
ɉɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ ௅ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ.
Ɂɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ௅ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ


ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ௅ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
ɋɜɟɪɯɭ ɢ ɫɧɢɡɭ ௅ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɢ
ɫɧɢɡɭ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ.
ɋɤɜɨɡɧɨɟ ࣓ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ Ɂɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Paint. ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ PrtSc. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ.

Ɋɢɫ.2. ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ Paint, ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ

ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɟɦ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ,
ɝɞɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ.

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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ


Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Ɉɛɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɫ
ɧɭɠɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ɏɚɣɥ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ.

ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ.

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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ


ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɡɚɞɚɟɦ
ɢɦɹ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ (ɬɢɩ) ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Paint ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ.
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ (Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ) ɜɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɟɡɤɨɫɬɢ, ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ȼɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɥɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ.
Ʌɭɱɲɢɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Adobe Photoshop.


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ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈ˔˘ˈˏ
ɋɯɟɦɵ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ «Ʌɭɱɲɟ
ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɱɟɦ ɫɬɨ ɪɚɡ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ».
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɯɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɲɪɢɮɬ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ:
x ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
x Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ.
x ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
x Ƚɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Enter ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ. Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɯɟɦɵ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɇɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɫɯɟɦɭ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ


ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ
ɇɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɍɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ȼɵɪɨɜɧɹɬɶ. ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶ
ɫɟɬɤɭ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɟɬɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɫɟɬɤɢ.

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɟɬɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɒɚɝ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ
ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ


Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɲɚɝ 0,5 ɫɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɟɫɬɶ
«ɦɟɥɤɢɟ» ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɬɨ ɲɚɝ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ 0,1 ɫɦ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦ ɫɟɬɤɭ
ɱɟɪɟɡ 5 ɥɢɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤ ɫɟɬɤɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ
ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɇɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɏɢɝɭɪɵ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
ɇɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ
ɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ (ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɍɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬɶ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ȼɵɪɨɜɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ ɫ ɫɟɬɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɚɜɬɨɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɍɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɞɥɹ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɚɦɭ
ɫɯɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ Ɏɢɝɭɪɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ. Ⱦɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ.

39

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ


ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶ
ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ Ɏɢɝɭɪ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶ. ɋɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫɟɬɨɤ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ
«ɢɞɭɬ» ɨɬ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ.
ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɲɪɢɮɬ Arial, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ
ɤ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ, ɝɞɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɦ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ
ɰɜɟɬ.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ. ɋɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. ɋɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɯ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ


ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ȼɵɛɨɪ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ.

ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɞɥɹ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɍɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ,
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɯɟɦɵ,
ɬɨ
ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɧɭɠɧɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɉɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ. ɋɯɟɦɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ.

Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɲɬɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ

41


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ


Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɇɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ.
ɇɨ ɜɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ
ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɨɥɨɬɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ
ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ. Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ «ɠɟɫɬɤɨɟ» ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ «ɫɬɪɨɝɢɯ» ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ «ɱɟɪɬɟɠɧɨɝɨ» ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ. ɉɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɝɚɦɦɭ
ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɡɨɳɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦ (ɫ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɧɟɣ, ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ,
ɫɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.). ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɰɜɟɬɚɦɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɭɝ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɜ SmartArt ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ.

42




ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈˇˋ˃ˆ˓˃ˏˏ

Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɢɡ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢɥɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ:
x Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ (ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Enter ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ).
x ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦ ɟɟ ɬɢɩ ɢ ɜɢɞ.
x Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Excel.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦɭ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ.
x Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ.

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɬɢɩ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ƚɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
43


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ


Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ – ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ.
Ʉɪɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ – ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ.
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ.
Ʉɜɚɪɬɚɥɵ

ɋɭɦɦɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ, ɪɭɛ.

1-ɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ
2-ɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ
3-ɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ
4-ɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ

13579
20000
300000
450000

Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ
ɟɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɢɞ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ.

44


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ


ɉɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Excel ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Microsoft
Excel. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɨɛɧɭɥɹɟɦ.

Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɹɱɟɣɤɭ Ⱥ1 ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɜ
MS Excel. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

2Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

3Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

4Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

Ɂɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Excel. ɉɨɞ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ.
Ɉɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

45


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ


ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɚɤɟɬ ɢɥɢ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɦɚɤɟɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɟɦ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɩɨ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ «ɝɚɥɨɱɤɢ» ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɢɯ. Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɟɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɞ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɚɦɢ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
46


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ


Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ˁ̨̨̡̱̥̥̼̪̬̙̪̬̯̣̥̔̌̏̌̌̌
500000
450000

450000

ˁ̱̥̥̼,̬̱̍

400000
350000

300000

300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000

13579

20000

ʶ̬̯̣̏̌̌

0
1Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

2Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

3Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

4Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

ɗɬɨ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɢ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɍɢɩ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

47


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ


ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ.
ˁ̨̨̡̱̥̥̼̪̬̙̪̬̯̣̥̔̌̏̌̌̌

ˁ̨̨̡̱̥̥̼̪̬̙̪̬̯̣̥̔̌̏̌̌̌
20000

500000

13579

450000

450000
400000
350000

300000

300000

300000
450000

250000
200000
150000
100000
50000

13579

20000

0
1Ͳ̜
2Ͳ̜
3Ͳ̜
4Ͳ̜
̡̬̯̣̏̌̌ ̡̬̯̣̏̌̌ ̡̬̯̣̏̌̌ ̡̬̯̣̏̌̌

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɸ
ɬɪɟɧɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ

ɥɢɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ.
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ
ɥɢɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ. Ɍɚɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ, ɫɬɚɜɢɦ «ɝɚɥɨɱɤɢ» ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɧɚ 3
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ.
48


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ


ˁ̨̨̡̱̥̥̼̪̬̙̪̬̯̣̥̔̌̏̌̌̌
1000000
y=158926xͲ 201421
R²=0,9047

800000
600000
450000
400000

300000

200000
20000

13579
0
Ͳ200000

1Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌ 2Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌ 3Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌ 4Ͳ̡̜̬̯̣̏̌̌

Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ
(ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ) R2.
ɑɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ R2 ɤ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ, ɬɟɦ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ.
R2>0,95

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ

2

0,8< R 3; ȼ33; D32)

FALSE

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɥɨɠɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ 0.

TRUE
DEFINED(x)

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ 1.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ.

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɡɚɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ:
x Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ (ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ Ⱥ1; ȼ5; ȿ10 ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɢɥɢ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɰ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ Ⱥ1:F10).
x Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɛɥɨɤ ɹɱɟɟɤ:
LEFT – ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɥɟɜɟɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ;
RIGHT – ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɟɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ; ABOVE – ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ;

67


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

BELOW – ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ.
x Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ – ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɯ.
x ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ).
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ

ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

Ⱥɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ
ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
+
ȼɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ
–
ɍɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ
*
Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ
/
ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ
%
ȼɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
^
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɜɧɨ
=
Ɇɟɧɶɲɟ
<
Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ
>
Ɇɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ
=
ɇɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ
Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ
:
Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
;

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ (2+3)*4/5. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ȿ1. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ.
2

3

4

5

4

ȼɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ, ɫɬɢɪɚɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɢ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɫɬɟɣɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ.
Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɂ.ɉ.
ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ ȿ.Ɉ.
Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ.
ɂɬɨɝɨ

68


Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ,
ɪɭɛ.
15000
20000
25000
60 000,00ɪ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɨ-

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȼ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ȼ5 ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ =SUM(ABOVE). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɨɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɝɞɟ
ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɪɭɛɥɶ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
=SUM(ABOVE)
\#"# ##0,00ɪ.;(# ##0,00ɪ.)".
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ «ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɟ» ɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ (ɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɮɵ). ȼɜɟɞɟɦ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɪɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ȼ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ.
Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɂ.ɉ.
ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ ȿ.Ɉ.
Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ.
ɂɬɨɝɨ

Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
15000,5
30000,911
50000,5
95002 ɪɭɛ

ɂɬɨɝɨ

95001,9 ɪɭɛ

ɂɬɨɝɨ

285 005,811 ɪɭɛ

ɂɬɨɝɨ

ɞɟɜɹɧɨɫɬɨ ɩɹɬɶ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɞɜɚ ɪɭɛ.

ɂɬɨɝɨ

ɞɟɜɹɧɨɫɬɨ ɩɹɬɶ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɞɜɚ ɪɭɛ.
ɢ ɞɟɜɹɧɨɫɬɨ ɤɨɩ.
ɂɬɨɝɨ: 570 011,62 ɪɭɛ
95 002,00 ɪɭɛ

ɂɬɨɝɨ
ɂɬɨɝɨ

Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ
Ȼɟɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɢ ɞɜɚ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɜ ɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ. ȼɧɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ c ɤɨɩɟɣɤɚɦɢ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ «ɂɬɨɝɨ»
ȼɵɜɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ.

ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɩɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɣ. ɇɚɞɟɟɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
69


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ. ɇɚɞɛɚɜɤɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɠɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɬɚɠ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 1 ɝɨɞɚ, ɬɨ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬ ɨɤɥɚɞɚ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɬɚɠɭ. ɉɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɧɚɥɨɝ ɪɚɜɟɧ 13% ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ
ɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɢ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɤɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - ɇɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ
ʋ Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɹ
ɩ/ɩ
1
2
3

ɂɜɚɧɨɜ
ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ
Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ

Ɉɤɥɚɞ,
ɪɭɛ.
30000
25000
20000

ɋɬɚɠ,
ɝɨɞ
5
10
20

ɇɚɞɛɚɜɤɚ,
ɪɭɛ.

ɋɭɦɦɚ,
ɪɭɛ.

1500
2500
4000

31500
27500
24000

70


ɉɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɣ
ɧɚɥɨɝ, ɪɭɛ.

Ʉ ɜɵɞɚɱɟ,
ɪɭɛ.

4095
27405
3575
23925
3120
20880
ɂɬɨɝɨ 72 210,00ɪ.

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ.

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ.
ɇɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ F9 ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ.
ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜ
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɦɟɬɤɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɹɱɟɟɤ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ. ȼɨɡɶɦɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɟɳɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɤɥɚɞɵ
Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɂ.ɉ.
ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ ȿ.Ɉ.
Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ.
ɂɬɨɝɨ

71


Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ,
ɪɭɛ.
15000
20000
25000
60 000,00ɪ.

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 - Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɟ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
Ɏɨɧɞ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ, ɪɭɛ.

ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɟɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ,
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɢ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ.
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɦ
ɢɦɹ «Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ1» ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ
ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ. ɂɦɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ
ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɟɧ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ, ɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ (ɛɥɟɞɧɟɟɬ).
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ 2 ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ

ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ – ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ1.

72


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ⱦɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɟɥ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɹɱɟɟɤ
B2:B4, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ.

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ȼ2 ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɥɚɞɚ.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
15000

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
Ɏɨɧɞ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ, ɪɭɛ.

ɋɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ: MAX, AVERAGE, SUM.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɚ ɤɨɞɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ, ɪɭɛ.
Ɏɨɧɞ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ, ɪɭɛ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
15000
25000
20000
60000

73


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ȼ2 ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɢ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɢɦɹ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɤɥɚɞɚ.
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ
Ɇɚɤɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɛɥɨɤɢ. ɇɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɝɪɭɩɩɭ Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɉɨɥɟ, ɝɞɟ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ (Ɇɢɧ_ɨɤɥɚɞ).

74


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɈɄ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɤɥɚɞɚ.
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɥɚɞ ɪɚɜɟɧ 15000
ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
ɇɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ 15000 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɚɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. Ʌɭɱɲɟ, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ «ɝɨɥɵɟ» ɱɢɫɥɚ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ.

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ʑ˞˚ˋ˔ˎˈːˋˢ˒ˑ˗ˑ˓ˏ˖ˎ˃ˏ˅˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ


ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
x ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ.
x ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ 300 ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ
300000 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20 ɞɧɟɣ.
ɇɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ «ɨɬɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ».
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ. Ɉɤɧɨ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ. ɂɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ
Ɂɩ_ɨɬɩ=Ɂɩ_ɝɨɞ/ Ɋɚɛ_ɞɧɟɣ*Ɉɬɩ_ɞɧɟɣ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ.

ɇɚ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ,
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɛɥɨɤɢ. ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ
ɉɨɥɟ ɢ ɬɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ.
Ɂɚ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɤɨ76


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ

ɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ.

ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɩɭɫɤ 20000
ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɤɨɞ ɩɨɥɹ
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɱɢɫɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ʉɨɞɵ/ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ Ɉɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɩɨɥɟ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ – ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɟ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ F9 ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ
ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ.
ɋɚɦɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
Ɂɩ_ɨɬɩ=Ɂɩ_ɝɨɞ/Ɋɚɛ_ɞɧɟɣ*Ɉɬɩ_ɞɧɟɣ=20000 ɪɭɛ.
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ «ɫɬɪɨɝɨ» ɢɥɢ
77


ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ

«ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɧɨ». Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ. ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɜ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɗɬɨ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɋɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɭɟɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. ȼɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɧɚɤ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ.

Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɥɸ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɢ ɈɄ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɤ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.

ɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
Ɂɩ_ɨɬɩ=Ɂɩ_ɝɨɞ/Ɋɚɛ_ɞɧɟɣ*Ɉɬɩ_ɞɧɟɣ=300000/300*20=20000 ɪɭɛ.
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɷɬɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɤɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ.

ɇɚɞɟɟɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ.

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ʟ˃ˊ˓˃˄ˑ˕ˍ˃˔ˎ˖ˉˈ˄ːˑˆˑˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃
ɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ௅ ɷɬɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ.
x Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ
ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
x ɋɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɚɦɢ.
Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ «ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ». Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ (ɜɢɞ), ɚɜɬɨɪ, ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬ, ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɞɚɬɚ, ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ, ɪɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹ, ɝɪɢɮ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. (ɫɦ. ɫɬɪ. 136௅138). ɉɪɢ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɯ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ:
x ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
x ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
x ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
x ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɫ-

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Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ɉɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ
ɩɭɧɤɬɟ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ.

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ.
Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬ1

Ʌɨɝɨɬɢɩ

Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬ2

ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ
Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ

ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɫ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɚɦɢ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢ
ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ (Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ) ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɉɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɇɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ.

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Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬ1

Ʌɨɝɨɬɢɩ

Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬ2

ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ
Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ

ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɫ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɚɦɢ

ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ.
Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɨɬɩɭɫɤ ɫ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ.

ɈɌɄɌɕɌɈȿ ȺɄɐɂɈɇȿɊɇɈȿ ɈȻɓȿɋɌȼɈ «ɅȺȻɂɊɂɇɌ»
(ɈȺɈ «Ʌɚɛɢɪɢɧɬ»)
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16.10.2011 ʋ 04-13/1874
ɧɚ ʋ 01-10/2354
Ɉ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ
ɈɈɈ «ɇɟɛɨɫɤɪɟɛ»
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɨɣ

ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦ ȼɚɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɚɪɟɧɞɵ ɨɬ 10.10.2018 ʋ 04/427 ɫ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɫɢɦ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɈȺɈ
«Ʌɚɛɢɪɢɧɬ» ɜ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɨ 10.10.2020.
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ: ɧɚ 7 ɥ. ɜ 2 ɷɤɡ.
Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ

ɂ.ȼ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ

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Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɉɨɦɨɳɶ»
ȿ.Ʉ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɭ
ɨɬ ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɚ ɂɜɚɧɚ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɢɱɚ

Ɂɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɲɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɬɩɭɫɤ ɫ 10.05.20218
ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨ 15.06.2018ɝɨɞɚ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɧɚ 35 ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ.
25.04.2018 ɝɨɞɚ

ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ

ɂ.ɉ. ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ

Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɩɤɚ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ.

ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Ɏɚɣɥ.

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Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ, ɝɞɟ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ).
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɮɚɣɥ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɸ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ MS Word. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ1, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȽɈɋɌɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɵɲɟ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɱɭɬɶ-ɱɭɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ, ɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟ ɦɟɠɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɢɥɢ (ɢ) ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ.

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ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑːːˑˆˑ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ
ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃˔ː˃˅ˋˆ˃˙ˋˈˌ

ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ (ɜ ɧɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ), ɬɨ «ɥɢɫɬɚɬɶ» ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ:
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɭɯɨɞɵ
ɩɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɢ ɤɭɞɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ.
ȼɫɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ.
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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɟɣ


ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ,
ɤɭɞɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ.
ȼɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɢ.
ȼ ɩɨɥɟ ɂɦɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɢɦɹ. ɂɦɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɇɨ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɹɪɤɢɣ ɰɜɟɬ.
ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɫ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɋɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ. ɋɥɟɜɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɈɄ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ.

85


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɟɣ


ɉɪɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɚ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɟ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ȼɟɛɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ
ɮɚɣɥɟ.
ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ.
ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɤɚɡɢɥɚɫɶ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ MS Word, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. ȼ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɟɣ


ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ «ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ» ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɞɥɹ
ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɡ ɮɢɝɭɪ ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶ.
ʻ̌̌̔̚

ɑɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ɋɫɵɥɤɚ. ȼ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ.

87


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɟɣ


ɉɪɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɝɭɪɭ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɟ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ
ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜ ɮɢɝɭɪɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɟɟ
ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ,
ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ. ȼ ɦɟɧɸ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɒɪɢɮɬ ɢ ɜ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɐɜɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɭɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɈɄ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ
ɜɢɞ
ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɨɤ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ.

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ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈˍˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ːˑˆˑ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ
ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ:
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
x Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
x Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ (ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ).
ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɛ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɇɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ: ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ (ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ), ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ.
Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ Ȼɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ.
ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ.

Ɋɢɫ.1. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ
Ƚɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ, Ɏɢɝɭɪɵ,
ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ, Ɂɧɚɱɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


Ƚɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɯɟɦ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɋɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɚ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ ɢ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ,
ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɉɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. Ɉɤɧɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɜ
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ, ɳɟɥɤɚɹ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɜɨɣ91

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɬɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɉɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɭ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɷɬɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨɣ ɫ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ
ɜɵɲɟ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ: ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɝɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

ɉɨ ȽɈɋɌɚɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɮɢɫ.
ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɚɹ, ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɤ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ȽɈɋɌɚɯ.
ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ. ɋɩɢɫɤɢ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɭɦɟɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ.
ɇɭɦɟɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɇɚɪɤɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ – ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɢɦɟɟɦ 2 ɜɢɞɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ:
x Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ.
x ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ.
ɇɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ «ɱɟɪɬɨɱɤɢ».
 Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ.
 ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫ
ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɯ (ɫɩɢɫɤɚɯ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɛɭɤɜɭ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɛɤɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ (ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɦɢ.
ɚ) ______________
1) ______________
2) ______________
ɛ) ______________
1) ______________
Ɇɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ.

93


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɬɨɱɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɬɨ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚɯ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɞɚɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɥɨɝɨɬɢɩɵ.
Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ.
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ
ɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ.

ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɢ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ
ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɜɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ, ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ
ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ.

94


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ.
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɞɚɱɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.

ȼɵɲɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ.
ɉɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɬ
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ.
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ:
 Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɮɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ.

95


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


 Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ.
 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ.
 ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
 ȼ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ.
ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ
ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɞɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɭɫɥɨɠɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ.
ɍ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɰɜɟɬ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɂ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚ.
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɚ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ «ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ».

96




ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˆˑ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ, ɨɛɡɨɪɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ (ɝɥɚɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɨɜ), ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ:
x Ɍɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ.
x ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ.
x Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ).
x ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ.
x ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ (ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ).
x ɋɩɢɫɨɤ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ) ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ).
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ:
x ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
x Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ.
x Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ.
x Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ:
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x ɋɛɨɪɤɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ.
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
x ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
x ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ
ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.
97


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ, ɧɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ (ɝɥɚɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɨɜ).
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ (ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɵɣ ɲɪɢɮɬ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɲɪɢɮɬ
Arial, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ.
Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ4.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɸ, ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɭɸ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɸ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ, ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɬɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ, ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 1.2 Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ
ɗɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ-ɬɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɧɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɛɨɪɤɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɫɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.

4

ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001

98


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ɂ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɫɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɉɨɥɹ. ɇɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɲɢɜɤɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ.
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɫ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɫɯɟɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɇɚɤɟɬ. ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɋɚɡɪɵɜɵ ɢ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɬɢɩɵ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɜ
ɨɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ
ɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ, ɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɋɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ Ⱥɥɶɛɨɦɧɚɹ.
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ.

99


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɸ ɢ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
Ʉɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ
ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ ɢɡ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɨɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ, ɬɨ ɜɟɫɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥ
ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ȼ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɭɦɟɪɭɸɬɫɹ. ɇɨɦɟɪɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ (ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɚ) ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣ, ɬɨ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ 5 . ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ȽɈɋɌɚɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɟ) ɥɢɫɬɚ 6 .
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɷɬɚɩɚ:
1 Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ.
2 ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ.

5
6

ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.97-2016ɵ
ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɨɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɢ.

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɟɤɭɳɚɹ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɨɦɟɬɢɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ

ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ
ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɟ
ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ
ɍɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ,
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ ɢ ɈɄ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ
ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ. ɇɚ
ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɩɢɲɟɦ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ

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ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɢɞ.
ɇɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɢɦ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ 1.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ 2.
ɇɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ 1, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ɋɚɡɦɟɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ
ɤ
ɫɩɢɫɤɭ Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɋɫɵɥɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɇɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.

102


ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ


ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ.
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɬɢɥɢ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɦ
ɤɚɤ ɧɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ
ɮɚɣɥ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɟ.
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɉɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢ ɈɄ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ,
ɚ

ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ, ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ) ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɳɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɜ «ɪɭɱɧɨɦ» ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.
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ʏ˅˕ˑˏ˃˕ˋˊ˃˙ˋˢ˓˃˄ˑ˕˔ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃ˏˋ
˔˒ˑˏˑ˜˟ˡˏ˃ˍ˓ˑ˔ˑ˅

ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ. Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
x ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
x ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
x Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ɏɚɣɥ ɢ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ȼ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɉɄ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɜɫɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɨɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ௅ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɉɨɞ
ɷɬɢɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
Ɉɬɪɟɩɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɢɞ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ
Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɢɦɹ

105


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɂɦɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ɇɚɤɪɨɫ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɬɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ௅ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɈɄ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɫɟɬɵ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɢ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ (ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ).

Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɩɢɫɤɭ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ. ȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ
ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ.
ɉɪɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɢɥɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɧɚ ɥɟɧɬɟ. ɗɬɨ

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɭ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚɦ.
ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ
ɨɤɧɟ ɇɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ.
ɇɚɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ Ctrl ɢ
ɥɸɛɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ
ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɡɚɩɢɫɶ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ,
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɮɢɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ:
 Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɚɛɡɚɰɚ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ).
 Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɫ ɧɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ.
 ȼɵɡɨɜ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
 ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɡ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜ), ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ (ɥɨɝɨɬɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ (ɬɢɩ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ, ɰɜɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ, ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ), ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ (ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɬɫɬɭɩ, ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ), ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɢɞ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ
Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ
Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɥɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ.

107


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ, ɚɛɡɚɰɚ ɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɚɡɦɟɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ Ⱥɜɬɨ.

ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɢɞ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɦ.
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɹɪɥɵɤ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ȼɢɞ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ, ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ
Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ
ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. ȼɢɞɢɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ
ɬɚɤɠɟ

108


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɣɥ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ, ɢ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Ctrl+Z. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɲɪɢɮɬ Arial, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ
16 ɩɬ, ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ, ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Ctrl+Z. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ.
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ
ɩɢɲɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ «Ⱥ.ɂ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ», ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɜɵɱɟɤ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜ-

109


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɟɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ
ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ «Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ».
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ.
ȼ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
Word ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ, ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ.

ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ
ɨɤɧɨ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜɢɞ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ Word ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ.
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. Ɉɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ. ȼɫɟ ɝɨɬɨ-

110


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ


ɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɧɸ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɛɟɡ
ɬɪɭɞɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ.

111




ʏ˅˕ˑˏ˃˕ˋˊ˃˙ˋˢ˓˃˄ˑ˕˔ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃ˏˋ
˔ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ˗ˑ˓ˏ.
ʠˑˊˇ˃ːˋˈ˄ˎ˃ːˍˑ˅


Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ, ɧɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜ
ɧɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ௅ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɗɬɢ ɛɥɚɧɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ,
ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɦ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɮɨɪɦɵ
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ
ɜɢɞ

ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ

ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ RTF

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.

Ɍɟɤɫɬ

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɥɸ.
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɞɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ.

ȼɵɛɨɪ ɞɚɬɵ
Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɉɨɥɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɦ

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ). ɉɭɧɤɬɵ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ) ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ). ɉɭɧɤɬɵ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ:
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ.
x ȼ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
x ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ.
x ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚɯ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ

ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɠɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ. ȼ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ.
ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚɦɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɛɥɚɧɤ
ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɦ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ (ȼɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ).
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɚ
ɞɚɥɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɥɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ.
ɇɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ɋɉɊȺȼɄȺ
ȼɵɞɚɧɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ(ɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭ) (ɂɜɚɧɨɜɭ ɂɜɚɧ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɭ) ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɧ(ɚ) ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɫ (1 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2011ɝ.) ɩɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ (ɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɢɥɢ ɍȼȾ).
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ

ɉ.ɉ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ

Ⱦɚɬɚ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ (1 ɦɚɪɬɚ 2015ɝ.)

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ, ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ
ɫɤɨɛɤɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ.
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ
113


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ

ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɥɨɜɭ «ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ». ɉɨɫɥɟ «ɧ» ɧɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ ɫ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɞɚɥɹɟɦ ɢɯ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟ, ɝɞɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ.

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ «ɀ
ɢɥɢ Ɇ». ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɢɦɹ, ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɈɄ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɈɄ ɧɚ
ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚɜɨɞɢɦ
ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ.

ɑɟɪɟɡ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ «ɎɂɈ», ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ «Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ».
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɟɥ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɟɝɨ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ «ɨɧ». ɇɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
«ɨɧ» ɢɥɢ «ɨɧɚ»
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɹ Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ
ȼɵɛɨɪ
ɞɚɬɵ,
ɝɞɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ
ɨɤɧɨ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ. Ɂɚɧɨɫɢɦ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɞɚɬɵ, ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ
ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɢ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɚɬɵ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɧɢɠɟ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ

ȼɢɞ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɉɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
ɇɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɂɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ
ɮɥɚɠɨɤ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ
ȼɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ.
ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɚ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɜɧɨɫɢɦ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.

Ɉɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ, ɜɧɨɫɢɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟɦ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨɥɶɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɛɥɚɧɤɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ
ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɛɥɚɧɤɚɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

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ʏ˅˕ˑˏ˃˕ˋˊ˃˙ˋˢ˓˃˄ˑ˕˔ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃ˏˋ
˔ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ˔ˎˋˢːˋˢ


ɑɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ, ɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɦɢ, ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɩɭɧɤɬɵ:
x Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɢ (ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ).
x ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭ.
x ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɤ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ.
x ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ.
x Ɋɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ.
ɉɭɫɬɶ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɜɢɞ.
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɂɜɚɧ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ,
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɫ Ⱦɧɟɦ Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɚ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ!
ɀɟɥɚɟɦ ɤɪɟɩɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ!
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ

ɉ.ɉ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ

ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɸ, ɢɦɹ ɢ ɨɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥ.
ȼɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ
ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɛɨɟɜɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɢɟ ɜ ȼɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɹ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ
ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ
Ʉɚɥɢɧɤɢɧ

ɂɦɹ
ɂɜɚɧ
ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ
ȼɚɥɟɧɬɢɧɚ
ɉɟɬɪ

Ɉɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ
ɉɚɜɥɨɜɢɱ
ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɧɚ
ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ

Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ

Ⱦɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ
1.01.2000
Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɫɬ
5.06.2010
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤ 7.09.2003
Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ
15.09.2015

Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɵɣ
ɵɣ
ɚɹ
ɵɣ

ɂɬɚɤ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɎɂɈ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɭɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ
ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ «ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦ». Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɶɦɟɦ Ⱥ6 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɧɭɸ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ.

ɋɨɡɞɚɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɢ.

ȼɫɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɚɫɫɵɥɤɢ, ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɇɚɱɚɬɶ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɇɚɱɚɬɶ
ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ Word.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ

Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɢ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ȼɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ (ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ
ɧɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ).

ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ.
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ «ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦ» ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɩɨɥɟ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ_ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ

Ⱦɟɥɚɟɦ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɢ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɢɡ
ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɂɦɹ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ Ɉɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ.

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚ ɛɥɚɧɤɟ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɵ ɩɢɫɟɦ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ.

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ, ɝɞɟ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ
ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ.

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Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ

ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ
ɈɄ.
Ⱦɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɩɨɞ
ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɉɢɫɶɦɚ1. Ɇɨɠɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ.

123


Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɵɥɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɦ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ
ɮɚɣɥ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɩɨɥɹ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɬɨ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɇɟɬ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɧɤ ɫ «ɩɭɫɬɵɦɢ» ɩɨɥɹɦɢ.

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ʖ˃˜ˋ˕˃˗˃ˌˎˑ˅ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕ˑ˅ˑ˕˒˓ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓˃,
˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢˋˍˑ˒ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɨɮɢɫɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ MS Word ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɜ (ɱɬɟɧɢɹ), ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɥɚɧɤɨɜ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ. ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɯ (ɮɥɷɲɤɟ), ɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɉɄ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɜɫɟɦ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɦ.
Ɂɚɳɢɬɭ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ:
x
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɮɚɣɥɚ;
x
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ;
x
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɮɚɣɥɚ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɵ
(Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɋɤɪɵɬɵɣ).
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ

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Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɧɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɮɚɣɥ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɞɥɹ
ɱɬɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɷɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ «ɫɥɚɛɚɹ» ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ
ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɤɨɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ
ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ ɋɤɪɵɬɵɣ. Ɏɚɣɥ ɫɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɤɚ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɩɚɩɤɭ.

ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ȼɢɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ «ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ» ɋɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. ɍɜɢɞɢɦ ɛɥɟɞɧɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ȼɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ
ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ȼ
ɧɟɦ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ ɋɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ. Ɂɧɚɱɨɤ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ.

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Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɫ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ Ɉɋ Windows 10. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ, ɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ɂɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ.
ɉɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ
ɧɚ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ
ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɧɟɦ ɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬ ȼɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ.
ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ. ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ
ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɈɄ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɵ. ɉɚɪɨɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬ
ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɜɵɜɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɟɫɶ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɞɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɞɚ-ɬɨ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ.

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Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɧɹɬɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜɧɨɫɢɦ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɈɄ. ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɚ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɚɪɨɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɧɹɬɶ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ.
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
ȼ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ
ɨɤɧɟ Ɉɛɳɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɨɥɢ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.

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Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ. ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦ ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɈɄ.

Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɉɚɪɨɥɶ, ɝɞɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ
ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɈɄ. Ɏɚɣɥ ɥɢɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ
ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ.
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Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɈɄ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɨɥɶ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ, ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɷɬɨ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ (Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ) ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ.
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɣɥɚ
(Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ)

ɋɤɪɵɬɢɟ
ɮɚɣɥɚ

Ɂɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ

(ˀ̶̨̛̛̖̖̦̬̦̖̏̌̚
̛̛̣ˀ̸̨̡̛̬̯̌̌̍̚)

Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ
ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ

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Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
(ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ, ɋɟɪɜɢɫ)

Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ
ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ



ʑ˞ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˈːˈ˔˃ːˍ˙ˋˑːˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːː˞˘
ˋˊˏˈːˈːˋˌ˅ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕˃˘
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɞɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɤɢ.
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɮɚɣɥ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ.
Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ… (ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ). ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ,
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

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ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ>>.
Ȼɭɞɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ, ɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɬɶ (ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ) ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ.
ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ.

ɉɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɤɚɦɢ (ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɤɚɦɢ
ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ.

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ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ

ȼ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɂɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ (ɢ) ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɉɪɢ
ɜɵɛɨɪɟ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɢ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
x ɉɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ.
x Ɉɬɤɥɨɧɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ.

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ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɉɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ Ɉɬɤɥɨɧɢɬɶ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ.

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ (ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɗɬɚɥɨɧ), ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɬɶ.

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ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɟɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ

Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ

Ɇɹɝɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɫɥɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ. ǰșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ

ɉɪɨɛɟɥ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɛɟɥ

ȗȘȐ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȞȐȜȘ Ȋ ȟȐșȓȍ, ȟȐșȍȓ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ Ț. ȗ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ.

ɇɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɵɣ
ɞɟɮɢɫ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ. ɋɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɪɟ. Ⱦɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɬɢɪɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɚɭɡɭ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɬɢɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɫɥɨɜ.

ɉɪɟɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɛɡɚɰ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ
ɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
ɍɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.

ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ

ʖː˃ˍˋ˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˕ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢ(ːˈ˒ˈ˚˃˕˃ˈˏ˞ˈˋˎˋ˔ˍ˓˞˕˞ˈ)

Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ

Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɬɢɪɟ

Ⱦɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɬɢɪɟ

Ʉɨɧɟɰ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ

Ɂɧɚɤ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ (ɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ)
Ɂɧɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
ɫɬɪɨɤɢ
Ɂɧɚɤ ɬɚɛɭɥɹɰɢɢ

Ɂɧɚɤɢ



ʟˈˍ˅ˋˊˋ˕˞ˋ˔˘ˈˏ˞˓˃˔˒ˑˎˑˉˈːˋˢ
˓ˈˍ˅ˋˊˋ˕ˑ˅ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕ˑ˅
Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ [2]
01 ௅ ɝɟɪɛ (Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɛ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɝɟɪɛ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɝɟɪɛ (ɝɟɪɚɥɶɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ) ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ);
02 ௅ ɷɦɛɥɟɦɚ;
03 ௅ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ (ɡɧɚɤ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ);
04 ௅ ɤɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
05 ௅ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ௅ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
06 ௅ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ௅ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
07 ௅ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰɚ ௅ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
08 ௅ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
09 ௅ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
10 ௅ ɞɚɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
11 ௅ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
12 ௅ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɢ ɞɚɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
13 ௅ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ) ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
14 ௅ ɝɪɢɮ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ;
15 ௅ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬ;
16 ௅ ɝɪɢɮ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
17 ௅ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ;
18 ௅ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
19 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ;
20 ௅ ɝɪɢɮ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
21 ௅ ɜɢɡɚ;
22 ௅ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ;
23 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨɛ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ;
24 ௅ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ;
25 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟ;
26 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɩɢɢ;
27 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ;
28 ௅ ɪɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹ;
29 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ;
30 ௅ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɞɟɥɨ.

136


Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ

Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Ⱥ4 ɭɝɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ

137


Ɋɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ

Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Ⱥ4 ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɛɥɚɧɤɚ

138




ʚˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓˃

1. ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜɢɱ ɋ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. – Ɇ.: ɈɅɆȺ Ɇɟɞɢɚ Ƚɪɭɩɩ, 2007. – 848 ɫ.: ɢɥ – (ɇɨɜɟɣɲɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ).
2. ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 7.0.97-2016 ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
3. ȽɈɋɌ 2.105-95 ȿɞɢɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ.
4. ȽɈɋɌ 7.32-2001 ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ. Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ.
5. ȽɈɋɌ 7.1-2003 Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

139




Ʉɢɥɶɞɢɲɨɜ ȼɹɱɟɫɥɚɜ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɢɱ

Word 2019
ɞɥɹ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
(ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ)

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ: ȼ. Ɇɢɬɢɧ
Ɉɛɥɨɠɤɚ: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
123001, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɚ/ɹ 82
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ:(495) 617-39-64, (495) 617-39-65
E-mail: kniga@solon-press.ru,
www.solon-press.ru
Ɉɩɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ
ɈɈɈ ɄɌɄ «Ƚɚɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ»
115487, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɩɨɜɚ, ɞ. 38
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ: (499) 782-38-89
E-mail: books@alians-kniga.ru,
http://www.alians-kniga.ru
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
115487, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ɩɪ-ɤɬ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɩɨɜɚ, ɞɨɦ 38, ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ʋ 8, ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ʋ 2.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 70×100/16. Ɉɛɴɟɦ 8,75 ɩ. ɥ. Ɍɢɪɚɠ 100 ɷɤɡ.


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